Line-type-castestg machine



L. l. WILMANS.

LINE TYPE CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNEH. I9I9.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET I l/aro lV/LMAMS by his Afforne s L. I. WILMANS.

LINE TYPE CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNEH; I919.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

Wine 5 L. L WILMANS.

Ll-NE TYPE CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11. 1919.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919 by his Aharnqys L. l. WILMANS.

LINE TYPE CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1|. 1919 1 ,320,95 1 Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

6SHEETS-SHEET 4- by his Arforfieys L. I. W'ILMAN'S.

LINE TYPE CAS'HNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11. I919.

Patented N 0v-. 4, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5 l/am mum;

by his AITorneys L. 1. WILMANS.

LINE TYPE CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED lumzn. 1919.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

v6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

' 6: t II x t l awe/who:

by his Afl'orncys FEQFL.

LLOYD I. WILMANS, OF IRVING, TEXAS.

LINE-TYPE-CASTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. at, 1919.

Application filed June 11, 1919. Serial No. 303,446.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LLOYD I. VVILMANs, a citizen of the United States, residing in Irving, county of Dallas, and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Line-Type-Casting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates tomachines of the kind commonly called linotype machines which cast lines of type on slugs or bars formed in molds from metal supplied by a melting pot. It has long been the practice to supply a melting pot with metal by drop ping slugs by handinto the pot after. they have been used, and various devices have been suggested for automatically feeding or delivering slugs, ingots, or billets of metal to the pot as often as needed to maintain the level of molten metal therein. a

My U. S. Patents No. 1,238,972 of Sept. 4, 1917 and No. 1,258,171 of March 5, 1918 show machines of this kind. In said patents I have shown a two-part magazine so mounted'that it may be moved from a vertical to. a horizontal position or vice versa and provided with a spring pressed gate past which the slugs are delivered by novel ejector mechanism, the operation of which is controlled in one case by thermostatic devices, and in the other by a float operativcly connected with the ejector mechanism. My present invention relates to certain improvements on the. machines shown in my aforesaid patents, and consists in improved devices for protecting the float from the descending bars or slugs, novel devices for controlling the action of the float on; the ejector mechanism, a new way of arranging the driving mechanism of the ejector, a slugs magazine of improved construction, novel devices for controlling the discharge of slugs from the magazine, novel means for locking the magazine to the machine frame, and improved devices for holding the slugs evenly in the magazine during their descent. .The nature of my improvements will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1. is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section of portions of a machine embodying my improvements for feeding metal to the melting pot of a linetype casting machine and indicates how the feeder is applied to the frame of the casting machine.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical section on the line'2 2 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 3 is a view partly in rear elevation, partly in section, and with parts broken away of the improved feeder.

Fig. l shows a section on the line 4c 4: of

Fig. 2. r

V Fig. 5 is a view on an enlarged scale and in vertical section showing particularly how the slugs magazine is supported and how it may be divided and opened for the par pose of being filled.

Fig. ,6 shows a transverse section of the magazine.

Fig. 7 is a detail view on an enlarged scale illustrating particularly the mechanism for holding open the spring gate to prevent the crowding or jamming of the slugs in the magazine.

Fig. 8 shows a transverse section of the magazine on the line 88 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 is a detail view in rear elevation of a portion of the slugs magazine, indicating the operation of the weight which rests on the slugs and insures their regula descent.

Fig. 10 is. a perspective view of the float protector.

Fig. 11 is a detail view of the devices for locking the magazine to the machine frame.

In the drawings I have shown my improvements applied to a well known form of linetype casting machine, but it will be understood that my invention may be embodied in what are known as inter-type machines and also in other machines of the same general kind in which slugs or bars are cast from metal supplied by a melting pot forming part of the machine.

It will be apparent from an inspection of the drawings that the machine embodying my present improvements is similar in many respects to those shown in my beforementioned patents.

. A portion of the frame of the casting machine is shown at A, and 13 indicates a melting pot which may be supported in the usual way. Z) indicates a part of the hinge of the pot lid.

That part of the machine in which the slugs feeding n'iechanism is contained is removably supported on the frame of the casting machine, preferably in the manner indicated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 by a set screw 0. The frame of the feeder is indicated by the letter C, and thi is of somewhat different construction from those previously employed. In the case of my former patents, certain parts of the train of gears for operating the ejector mechanism were located within the casing, but in order to adapt my machine to accommodate electrical pot heaters, I have changed the construction of the frame and have modified the gearing in the manner presently described. The frame or casing C is preferably provided with a removable lid C. h

The stud shaft (Z carries a spur wheel D, which may be geared to the mechanism of the casting machine. The shaft cl also carries a pinion d, meshing with a spur Wheel E, in turn connecting with a toothed ivheel F of the same size andwhich is secured to the shaft G carrying a crank wheel H which is connected in the manner hereinafter described to the ejector mechanism. The stud shaft cl is supported on a bracket I formed with or attached to the casing C, and the stud shaft 6 of the spur wheel E is also supported on said bracket. This bracket I is located outside the casing and the gears D, E and F are also located outside the casing while the crank wheel H is Within the casing but at a considerable elevation'above the top of the melting pot.

The pot B may be of ordinary construction, preferably similar to those shown in my former patents, and as in my patent of March 5, 1918, I employ a float B for controlling the operation of the ejector mechanism. It will be observed that the float proper is adjustably secured to the end of the float rod 0" by means of a threaded connection and a box nut 6 In this way the action of the ejector may be controlled and regulated, and as hereinafter described I also provide other devices for this purpose more directly associated with the ejector mechanisn'i. In order to prevent metal from freezing to the float, I provide means for heating it adjacent the float which may be similar to those shown in my patent of ltfarch 5, 1918.

In the accompanying drawings 53 indicates pipes for conveying gas into the pot and delivering it near the float. These pipes 53 and the float rod 6 are supported at their inner ends by a supporting device 54L similar to that shown in my patent of March 5, 1918, and operating in a similar way.

Other devices, of course, may be employed for heating the metal in proximity to the float.

Before describing the operation of the ejector, I will explain. the improvements which I have made in the construction of the slugs magazine. As heretofore, the magazine is made in two parts, a front part J and a rear part K. The front part consists of a plate j attached to two upright frame bars 1, j The front plate j extends from the top of the magazine to the point and below this point the front of the magazine is closed by a gate or gates as shown in my patent of March 5, 1918. Preferably two gates L and M are employed, the upper one L being connected to the plate 7' by a spring hinge Z, and the lower one M being connected to the gate L by a spring hinge on.

The two-part magazine is supported by a cross bar N and by a portion of the frame or casing below the magazine. N indicates a cross bar or brace below the magazine. The front section J carries at its lower end hinge members or brackets O which rest on the cross bar N, and the section K carries hinge members or brackets O which also rest on said cross bar. The arrangement is such that the rear portion of the magazine may beturned backward to a horizontal position as indicated in Fig. 5 for the purpose of filling it with slugs, without mov ing the. front part, or both sections of the magazine may be turned to a horizontal position and then removed from the machine in order to obtain free access to the melting pot. This feature of the machine is fully described in my former patents.

The rear section K comprises a plate 70 which is secured to the upright frame bars a, 7.2 This plate 70 is arranged at the lower end of the magazine, while the upper portion of the rear section is closed by a panel 7.2 of transparent material, such as glass. This is for the purpose of allowing the slugs,to be inspected. In this way one can see at a glance at any time the condition of the slugs, Whether they are low or are inclined to tip over or in otherways become disarranged. The glass panel may be secured in place in any suitable way. The plate is, as heretofore, carries the fingers le on which the slugs rest and between which the ejector teeth operate.

The rear section K is equipped with plates I. These plates are countersunk in the frame bars 70, 70 and they support rollers p pivoted at p and which are adapted to engage the lower edge of the gate M when the rear section K is turned rearward. The frame bars j, j of the front section are cut away as indicated at 7' to allow free passage of the rollers.

It has been found that sometimes the block T, which is slugs follow the movement of the eject-ed slugs or ridethem so as to project part way out of the magazine and these slugs seat themselves on the fingers Z0 and project past the front of thegate M so that when the magazine is swung open, that is when the rear part of the magazine is swung backward, the partly ejected slugs strike the bottom of the gate and either. lock the magazine and prevent its free opening or bend the fingers. In some cases the slugs become jumbled in the bottom of the magazine, but the devices above described overcome these difficulties, as when the rear section of the magazine is swung open the rolle-rsp' force the gate open and the partly ejected slugs cannot then come in contact with the gate.

In order to lock the magazine in upright position, I applya locking lever Q which is pivoted to the frame at q and carries at its outer end a locking device illustrated in detail in Fig. 11. As there shown the lever Q is formed with an enlarged end or head which receives the shank r of a locking pivotally connected with the head at 1*. By means of a handle or thumb piece r the block may be turned to open or closed position. As shown in Fig. 1, the lever is engaged with a pin or screw R on the front section of the magazine and the rear section of the magazine is connected with the front section by the guiding and locking devices S, so that the magazine as a whole is heldfirmly in upright position. iVhen in thiscondition the rear section may be moved to a horizontal position without moving the front section, as the devices S readily permit this, but when it is desired to remove both sections of the magazine from the frame, the lever is unlocked and withdrawn from the magazine by turning the thumb piece or handle a until it is free from the locking screw or pin R, and then the lever may be swungupward and away from the magazine. When the magazine has been removed and replaced to its operative pOSitiO11,tl1e locking lever may be very quickly and automatically connected with it, inasmuch as the locking block 1" has an inclined portionr which engages the locking screw in such manner as to swing the locking block about its axis while the lever is being lowered, and thenthe block auto1natically moves to a position below the screw and thus securely connects the lever with the magazine.

The devices S referred toare illustrated in Fig. 6. 1 One of these devices-comprises a plate .9 which is secured to one of the frame bars on .the front section of the magazine and isprovided with a beveled or inclined edge 5. The )late 8 hassome elasticity so asfto yield si ewise when the two sections are being brought together. The other looking device comprises a plate 8 which is attachedto the opposite frame piece 7" and projects rearwardly therefrom. This plate is provided with a shoulder or inclined looking end 8 and the arrangement is such that when the rear section of the magazine is swung to an upright position, it engages the devices S which serve to guide the rear section into proper relation to the front section and to then lock them in place. The looking device may readily be released when desired.

It sometimes happens when the magazine contains a single column of slugs that the top slugs crawl and descend endwise in the magazine; This is caused by the constant vibration of the magazine due to the operation of the casting machine with which it is connected. To overcome this trouble I provide a weight or follower which is arranged in the magazine on top of the pile of slugs and exerts a constant pressure thereon and descends as the pile lowers. This follower ispreferably of the kind shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and comprises a body portion T, having enlarged ends or arms 25 carrying rollers Z, there preferably being two rollers at each end, arranged one above the other and bearing against the side of the magazine. Each arm t extends vertically above or below the body T, and the rollers are so spaced as to prevent the follower from tipping or otherwise moving out of a true horizontal position so as to exert an even downward pressure on the slugs. The body T is formed at its middle portion with arms 6 t which project upward and downward from the follower, the lower arms resting on the slugs X as indicated in Fig. 9. It will be observed that the follower is so shaped that if desired it maybe reversed or turned over. It may also be reversed by being turned end for end. The arms 15, 6 t are so spaced as to allow free movement of the ejector teeth when the'follower is in the lower part of the magazine.

In my patents before referred to I have shown aprons or shields extending from the slugs magazine into the melting pot for the purpose of guiding the slugs and for shielding or protecting the thermostatic devices and the float contained in the pot. In both cases the apron was attached to the frame of the feeder and it was necessary to remove the feeder bodily when it was desired to skim dross from the molten metal. In both cases also the apron was rigidly'secured to the feeder frame and had no movement independently thereof. Sometimes large slugs would get under the apron and owing to the usual forward and upward movement of the pot, the apron would sometimes be bent out of position. To overcome these difliiculties I have provided an apron or shield of improved constructlon and mounted in a new way. Th1s apron or shield I now prefer to call a float protector as one of its principal objects is to prevent the float from injury or interference by slugs or pieces of metal as they drop into the melting pot.

Fig. 10 shows the float protector detached from the feeder. It comprises a body portion U, having a downwardly extending inclined front portion u serving as a shield or protector for the float and also a guide for the slugs. The upper part of the body is turned backward to form a top portion it, which as shown in Fig. 2 is disposed below the magazine when the protector is in place. At each end the protector is provided with rearwardly extending arms u, having open bearings 10 which are adapted to fit over studs or projections V on the frame or casing. At one end the protector is provided with an arm or handle a by means of which it may be removed. The. protector is suitably shaped at a to fit parts of the machine w ithwhich it is connected. Preferably the protector is made of a single piece of sheet metal bent to shape, as shown, the handle a being preferably made of a separate piece secured to the protector as indicated.

The protector is mounted in the manner indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, the arms a resting on the studs V, while the upper edges of the arms bear against the under sides of the brackets O of the front portion of the magazine. vented from rising from the studs, but a pivotal connection is provided in order that the protector may swing to a slight extent to follow the swinging movement of the pot. VVihen it is desired to skim dross from the molten metal, the two sections of the magazine may be removed and then the protector may, by means of the handle M, be lifted and removed.

It will be observed that the arms a are rounded at a so that the protector is free to rock to a suflicient extent, and yet as the arms bear against the brackets O, the protector cannot be lifted off from the studs when the magazine is closed.

The ejector mechanism is in general of the same kind as that shown in my prior patents. An ejector carriage V reciprocates in guides 'w in the feeder frame and it carries teeth w which are adapted to engage one or more slugs in the bottom of the magazine. These teeth operate between the fingers 70* of the magazine and the ejector teeth are adapted to pass entirely across the lower portion of the magazine as indicated in Fig. 7

The ejector carriage is operated by an arm Y connected at its rear end to a crank pin it on the crank wheel H secured to the shaft G before referred to. The front end In this way the arms are preof the arm Y is adapted to engage teeth to on the carriage and when so engaged the carriage is moved forward by the arm, but if the arm is raised in such manner that it does not engage the teeth 10 the front end of the arm will ride over the teeth and will enter a recess 10 in the toothed portion of the carriage. This operation is similar to that shown in my'patents.

The headed end of the ejected arm is formed with a downwardly extending lug 3 which carries an adjustable screw g provided with a lock nut 2 The lower end of the set screw rests on a bracket 3 carried by the float rod 6 When the machine operates to feed slugs to the pot and the float is in a lowered position the screw g passes over the bracket 3 without being influenced thereby and at this time the ejector arm engages the carriage and operates it, but if the pot is full and the feed of slugs is unnecessary, the fioat is in a raised position and then the bracket g engages the screw 3/ and causes the ejector arm to be raised and the feed of slugs to be suspended. By adjusting the screw y the ejector may be caused, to operate in the desired way to correspond with any desired level in the melting pot. The adjustment afforded by the screw 12 may be used either separately or in connection with the adjustment of the float on the end of the float rod.

It will be observed that the crank wheel H is located within the feeder casing near the longitudinal center thereof so that it may be connected with the ejector rod which is arranged centrally, but the crank wheel H and its shaft G are arranged considerably above the plane of the melting pot, and the train of gearing which operates the shaft G is outside the casing. It will also be observed that the casing is cut away or opened at the side adjacent the melting pot, thus leaving a clear space in which may be mounted the electric box B commonly used in connection with the electrically heated pot.

Sometimes the slugs are not fully ejected from the magazine but become jammed between the ejector and the spring gate of the magazine. The pressure of the spring gate forces these j animed slugs against the front of the ejector and they ride back and forth and the jam increases as more slugs are ejected, while the tension of the spring gate becomes greater by reason of the addition of more slugs in the jam. To remove these troubles I have devised means for holding the gate open when the is started and to. hold it open sufficiently long for the ejector to draw back free from pressure from the spring gate and in such manner as to release the slugs from pressure of the gate and at the same time allow them to fall freely into the melting pot. As soon as they interfere with the operation of thus fall the spring gate is released and returned to its normal posit-ion. The mechanism used for this purpose is extremely simple and is most fully shown in the drawings.

A lever Z is pivotally connected at z to the feeder frame. It extends forward beyond the plane of the magazine and is provided at the front with a toothed head .2 which is adapted to engage at times a catch plate 2 secured to the gate of the magazine. The rear end of the lever is connected wit-l1 a spring a which tends to draw this end of the lever downward and to raise the front end of the lever. The rear portion of the lever extends over a roller w carried by a screw an engaging a lug extending downward from the ejector. It will be observed with reference to Fig. 7 that the under side of the rear portion of the lever is inclined from its rear end upward to the pivot 2 and this part of the lever is engaged by the roller 51:. When the ejector is moved forward the roller in connection with the spring causes the rear end of the lever to be lowered and thefront toothed end to be raised. This occurs during each reciprocation of the ejector and during each backward stroke of the ejector the front toothed end of the lever is lowered. If the gate M is forced open by an accumulation of slugs, it will engage the toothed end of the lever which will hold thegate open until the slugs have dropped .and until the ejector recedes.-

The arrangement is such that the lever does not engage the gate until the latter is opened in the manner before described.

Experience has. demonstrated that by the, devices jnst described all jamming and crowding of the slugs in such manner .as to the ejector is entirely eliminated.

By my present improvements I have entirely overcome the diflicultiesencountered in 4 5 the practical operation of the machmesshown in my prior patents. The improved machine operates with great regularity and precision to feed-metal to the melting pot as "often .as required. without clogging of the magazine. The magazine canbe easily opened without interference by the slugs therein. The slugs are caused to descend in the magazine without crowding and the condition .of

the slugs can at all times he inspected. The float and heating devices are shielded by a protector which is not liable .to be bent or videdfor parts of :an electric heater when such is used m 00111160131011 With the melting pot.

I clalm as my invention: 1. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, in combination with a weighted follower within the magazine having enlarged ends hearing against the sides of the magazine and guided thereby.

2. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, in combination with a weighted follower having enlarged ends each of which carries rollers arranged one above the other which bear against the sides of the magazine and are guided thereby.

3. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, in combina tion with a weighted follower carrying at its opposite ends rollers which bear against the opposite sides of the magazine.

4:. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, in combination with a weighted follower having arms at each end extending above and below the body portion of the follower, and centrally arranged arms bearin r upon the middle portion of the contents of the magamm.

5. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to he supplied to a melting pot, in combination with a follower having arms at each end extending above and below the body of the fol-lower, and centrally arranged arms bearing on the middle portion of the metal within the magazine, and rollers carmed by the arms at the ends of the follower .wh-ich bear against the sides of the magazine.

'6. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, consisting of two hinged sections one of whlch carries a spring-controlled gate and the other rollers which bear against the gate when the rollercarrying section 1s separated from its companion sections.

7. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, comprising .afront section carrying a spring-controlled gate and a rear sectip n carrying devices which bear against the gate and press it out ward when the rear section is turned to separate it from the front sect-ions.

8. A magazine for holding pieces of metal .to be supplied to a melting pot, comprising two separable upright sectlons one of which is molu-ntcd to turn about a horizontal axis andthe other of which carries spring catches and guides which automatically engage the hinged section when the latter is turned to upright position.

'9. A magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, comprising upright hinged sections provided with a locking member, and a locking lever for holding them in upright position havin a head :portion engaging the locking mem er of the magazine .and carrying a locking block which automatically engages said locking member and which is provided with a handle for releasing it from said member.

10. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot and which is provided with a spring-controlled gate, of an ejector for discharging metal from said magazine past said gate, and means for automatically holding the gate open if the metal crowds or jams in the magazine during the operation of the ejector.

11. In combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot and which is provided with a spring-controlled gate, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine past said gate, and means for automatically holding the gate open if metal crowds or jams in the magazine during the operation of the ejector, said last-mentioned means comprising a lever having an outer end adapted to engage the gate and means operated by the ejector for raising and lowering said lever.

12. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot and which is provided with a spring-controlled gate, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine past the gate, a lever pivotally connected with the machine frame and having an outer end adapted to engag the gate and a springcontrolled inner end, and means carried by theejector for controlling the movements of said lever.

13. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot and which is provided with a spring-controlled gate, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine past the gate, a lever pivoted to the machine frame having a toothed front portion and a rear portion formed with an inclined edge, a

spring tending to hold the outer end of the lever in an elevated position, and devices carried by the ejector and operating 011 the rear portion of said lever to control the movement thereof.

14. The combination with a magazine for supplying metal to a melting pot, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine into the pot, a power-operated arm for reciprocating said ejector, a float within the pot, a float rod pivotally connected with the machine frame, and an adjustable connection between said rod and the ejector-operating arm.

15. Th combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be suppliedto a melting pot, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine, an ejector-operating arm adapted to be connected to and disconnected from said ejector, an adjustable screw carried by said arm, a float in the melting pot, a float rod pivotally connected with the machine frame, and a bracket car'ied b said rod adapted to engage said adj usta 1e screw. 1

16. A machine for feeding metal to a melting pot, comprising a frame or casing associated with the pot and having a clear space adjacent the pot, a magazine for supplying metal to the pot, an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine into the pot, an ejector arm for reciprocating the ejector, a crank wheel in the upper portion of the frame for operating said arm and arranged inside the casing, a shaft to which said wheel is secured and which extends laterally outside of the casin gearing adapted to be connected with the power mechanism of a type-casting machinevand which is locatedoutside the casing at the outer end of said shaft, and means for supporting said gearing.

17. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine into the pot, a float operatively connected with the ejector for controlling its movements, and a float protector extending from the magazine into the pot above the float and which is pivotally mounted at its upper end.

18. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to besupplied to a metal pot, of an ejector for discharging metal from the magazine, a float in the melting pot operatively connected with the ejector for controlling its movements, and a float protector extending into the melting pot and which is removably supported at its upper end whereby it may be readily detached to expose the float and the metal in the pot. i

19. The combination with a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be supplied to a melting pot, of an ejector for discharging metal into the pot, means of pivotally connecting the sections of the magazine to the frame or casing of the machine, comprising a horizontally aranged rod supporting brackets extending from the magazine sections, a float protector extending into the machine and having arms at its upper end supported on the frame and pivotally connected therewith, said arms having curved portions beneath the brackets of the magazine, the arrangement being such that the float protector is held in place above the float but is permitted to rock on its pivots within limits.

20. A float protector having a body portion providing a shield or apron over which the metal is fed to a melting pot, rearwardly extending arms forward with open bearings and a vertically crr'anged handle to facilitate in the removal of the protector from its mounting.

21. The combination With a rockingmelting pot and a magazine for holding pieces of metal to be fed to the pot, of means for ejecting metal from the magazine, a float in the pot controlling the operation of the ejector, means for heating the metal in proximity to the float and a protector extending over the heating means and over the float Which is pivotally mounted and provided With means for removing it from the pot. 10

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

LLOYD i. WILMANS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of iatents, Washington, D. G. 

